Effects of constrained females on offspring sex ratios of Nasonia vitripennis in relation to local mate competition theory

نویسندگان

  • B. H. King
  • J. A. D’Souza
چکیده

Empirical studies of how constrained females affect sex ratio are few. Constrained females are those that can produce only sons (e.g., in haplodiploid species, females that have not mated or older females that have used up their sperm). In the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836), failure to mate soon after emergence increased the probability of a female being constrained and thus affected sex ratio directly. Local mate competition theory shows that whether a female is constrained can also affect sex ratio indirectly by affecting what sex ratio other females produce. However, this was not the case in N. vitripennis. A female’s sex ratio was not significantly different when she was with another young mated female versus a virgin female or an old mated female depleted of sperm. These results suggest that N. vitripennis females may be unable to recognize whether another female is constrained. The increased proportion of sons in response to other females relative to when alone did not persist the day after exposure. Résumé : Il y a peu d’études empiriques qui cherchent à savoir comment les femelles « restreintes » affectent le rapport des sexes. Les femelles restreintes sont des femelles qui ne peuvent produire que des rejetons mâles (e.g., chez les espèces haplodiploïdes, des femelles qui ne se sont pas accouplées ou des femelles plus âgées qui ont épuisé leur réserve de sperme). Chez la guêpe parasitoïde Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836), l’absence d’accouplement tôt après l’émergence augmente la probabilité qu’une femelle devienne restreinte et affecte donc directement le rapport des sexes. La théorie de la compétition sexuelle localisée montre que le fait qu’une femelle soit restreinte affecte aussi le rapport des sexes indirectement, en déterminant quel rapport des sexes est produit par les autres femelles. Cependant, ce n’est pas le cas chez N. vitripennis. Le rapport des sexes produit par une femelle n’est pas significativement différent lorsqu’elle est en présence d’une autre jeune femelle accouplée plutôt qu’une femelle vierge ou qu’une vieille femelle accouplée n’ayant plus de sperme. Ces résultats laissent croire que les femelles de N. vitripennis sont incapables de reconnaître si une femelle voisine est restreinte. La production d’une proportion plus élevée de rejetons mâles en présence d’autres femelles qu’en leur absence a déjà disparu le jour qui suit la rencontre. [Traduit par la Rédaction] King and D’Souza 1974

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تاریخ انتشار 2005